Prediction-error of Prediction Error (PPE)-based Reversible Data Hiding

摘要

This paper presents a novel reversible data hiding (RDH) algorithm forgray-scaled images, in which the prediction-error of prediction error (PPE) ofa pixel is used to carry the secret data. In the proposed method, the pixels tobe embedded are firstly predicted with their neighboring pixels to obtain thecorresponding prediction errors (PEs). Then, by exploiting the PEs of theneighboring pixels, the prediction of the PEs of the pixels can be determined.And, a sorting technique based on the local complexity of a pixel is used tocollect the PPEs to generate an ordered PPE sequence so that, smaller PPEs willbe processed first for data embedding. By reversibly shifting the PPE histogram(PPEH) with optimized parameters, the pixels corresponding to the altered PPEHbins can be finally modified to carry the secret data. Experimental resultshave implied that the proposed method can benefit from the prediction procedureof the PEs, sorting technique as well as parameters selection, and thereforeoutperform some state-of-the-art works in terms of payload-distortionperformance when applied to different images.